Settlements totaling $180 million recovered on behalf of the State of Rhode Island in litigation against accountants, directors and officers, and law firms arising out of the Rhode Island credit union failures in 1990.
$62 million judgment following a $40 million jury verdict in eight-day trial in Providence County Superior Court. As of September 2017, when this verdict was returned, it is the largest medical malpractice verdict in Rhode Island history. The plaintiff had his right leg amputated, after he developed severe blood clots as a result of the doctors’ failure to place him on a blood thinner. The jury found that errors made by multiple physicians and physicians-in-training led to the injury. Sfameni v. Rhode Island Hospital.
(Michael P. Quinn, Jr.)
$46.4 million judgment for two employees at the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) who suffered carbon monoxide poisoning while at work. The judgment has been recorded as the second-largest personal injury judgment to be won in the history of Rhode Island.
(Jeffrey A. Mega)
$32 million jury verdict and judgment in three-week trial in Providence County Superior Court. This result was obtained on behalf of a Connecticut couple after the husband, an Iraq War veteran, became paralyzed due to a swimming accident at the University of Rhode Island. The jury found URI negligent in failing to prohibit visitors from swimming in a dangerous lake with submerged rocks. Smith v. The University of Rhode Island, et al.
$30 Million settlement for the family of a 12-year-old child who suffered catastrophic injuries after being struck by a vehicle being operated by an intoxicated driver.
$28 million jury verdict and judgment, at the time Rhode Island’s largest jury verdict, in a medical malpractice and wrongful death case. This result was obtained on behalf of the family of a 32-year-old wife and mother who died as a result of the negligence of an emergency room physician who failed to recognize, diagnose and treat bacterial pneumonia. O’Sullivan v. Newport Emergency Physicians, Inc.
(Mark B. Decof)
$19.6 million judgment after a jury verdict for the family of world-famous Formula One race car driver Mark Donahue, who was killed when a defective tire on his race car exploded and caused his car to crash during a Grand Prix race in Austria.
$18 million jury verdict for a woman left paralyzed when she was rear-ended in a motor vehicle collision. This case had been Rhode Island’s largest trial verdict until the O’Sullivan trial. Oliveira v. Chase Manhattan Bank.
Settlement for delayed diagnosis of sepsis resulting in septic shock, organ failure, and death. Medical Malpractice
$13.2 million judgment against the manufacturer of an all-terrain vehicle on behalf of a young man who was paralyzed….Arthur LaPlante vs. Honda Motor Company
$12 million settlement for the family of a man who was electrocuted and killed as a result of a utility company’s negligent maintenance of high-voltage wires.
Settlement for delayed diagnosis of spinal cord injury resulting in quadriplegia. Medical Malpractice
Settlement for delayed diagnosis of sepsis resulting in amputations.
$10 Million + Tire manufacturing defect and fitment negligence resulting in crash and death of operator.
A medical malpractice settlement of $9,250,000 in a case involving amputations.
$9 million settlement for middle-aged mother and wife injured during surgery.
$8.6 million June 2016 Providence County jury verdict and judgment in favor of a 54-year-old woman, for delayed treatment of a postoperative spinal infection. The delay followed a miscommunication over a laboratory result, allowing a treatable infection to cause damage to the woman’s surgically repaired spine, muscles, and ligaments surrounding her spinal column.
$7.5 Million - Surgical error on 30-year-old receiving hysterectomy for endometriosis by unqualified/unsupervised surgeon results in permanent bowel and bladder issues.
$7.2 million judgment following a jury verdict on behalf of an elderly man and his wife against a commercial airline for injuries sustained as a result of a fall from the stairway of the plane.
Settlement for mother’s death after childbirth
Settlement for birth trauma resulting in lifelong cerebral palsy, for a disabled adult plaintiff.
Settlement for delayed diagnosis of endocarditis leading to stroke.
Settlement for cerebral palsy after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
$5.4 million settlement on behalf of a seaman who suffered a brain injury after falling from his employer’s corporate yacht; the case also involved extensive and successful litigation over the seaman’s right to have his medical care paid for by his employer.
$5.2 million settlement on behalf of the estates of a 49-year-old man and his 10-year-old son who were killed in the crash of a private aircraft.
$5 million settlement against a construction company on behalf of a man who was electrocuted and severely injured when a crane he was operating came in contact with high-voltage overhead electric wires.
Confidential settlement against a manufacturer of roofing tar on behalf of a man who worked as a roofer and developed basal cell cancer from exposure to the roofing tar.
$4.5 million wrongful death settlement for a defendant’s failure to have a cardiologist to monitor Amiodarone, a cardiac medication, properly.
$4.5 million settlement against a general contractor on behalf of a man who was paralyzed when he fell through a skylight opening in a roof at a worksite.
$4.5 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of spinal cord infection resulting in paraplegia.
$4.1 million settlement on behalf of a woman who underwent unnecessary surgery.
$4 million jury verdict for a man who had a cardiac pacemaker implanted in his chest unnecessarily because of faulty test data.
$3.8 million jury verdict in the Bristol County Superior Courthouse in New Bedford, MA in early February 2019. The verdict followed a seven-day trial in a medical malpractice and wrongful death case. A 64-year-old woman died shortly after a colonoscopy procedure in January 2012, from injuries suffered when her bowel burst from excessive use of air during the procedure.
$3.5 million verdict against a football helmet manufacturer on behalf of a high school football player who suffered a spinal cord injury and paralysis due to a defectively designed helmet.
$3.5 million settlement for the family of a man who died from a medication error during acute psychiatric care.
$3.25 million settlement against a physician on behalf of her patient when he failed to diagnose breast cancer in a timely manner.
$3.2 million jury verdict for a young man who suffered a stroke due to the negligent administration of anesthesia during a maxillofacial surgical procedure.
$3.2 million personal injury settlement in Providence, RI for a products liability case on behalf of a man who fractured his neck and was paralyzed after diving into an in-ground “Hopper” bottom swimming pool.
$3.1 million injury settlement in Providence, RI for the family of a man for the failure to diagnose a serious cardiac condition.
$3 million judgment following a jury verdict on behalf of the family of a child who was born brain-damaged because a physician and hospital negligently failed to deliver the child promptly after a placental abruption.
$3 million jury verdict for woman who collided with unmarked parking gate while riding her moped causing severe leg injuries.
$3 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of sepsis.
$3 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of ischemia leading to amputations.
$3 Million settlement for death of newborn baby after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
$3 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of sepsis in a child, resulting in death.
$2.8 million judgment following a jury verdict on behalf of a young woman who suffered brain damage because of the negligent delay in emergency room treatment for respiratory difficulties.
$2.775 million settlement on behalf of a woman dying of cancer that would have been treatable with an earlier correct diagnosis.
$2.6 million Providence, RI injury settlement on behalf of the family of a man killed in an automobile accident.
$2.5 million verdict when the jury found that a midwife at Women & Infants Hospital was negligent in treating a young mother in labor, which resulted in the wrongful death of her newborn. Arriaza v. Women & Infants ,et al.
$2.5 million settlement for an elderly woman relating to a delayed diagnosis of her cancer, causing excess surgeries and complications.
$2.5 million settlement on behalf of the family of a municipal worker who a driver struck and killed while he was standing in the breakdown lane of an interstate highway.
$2.5 million settlement against a trucking company on behalf of the family of a young man who was killed when his vehicle collided with the rear of a tractor-trailer truck that had become disabled and was stationary in the high-speed lane of an unlit highway at night.
$2.5 Million settlement for delay in diagnosing return of brain glioma results in patient suffering brain damage.
$2.5 Million+ settlement for vascular injury during gynecology surgery.
$2.5 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of infection resulting in sepsis and death.
$2.5 Million anesthesia error during shoulder surgery results in incomplete paraplegia – settlement on the first day of trial.
Over $2 million recovered for the victim of a botched gallbladder removal surgery.
$2.125 Million settlement where negligent signage and control of valet parking results in severe pedestrian injury.
$2 million settlement just prior to trial for middle-aged woman suffering brain damage caused by untreated brain infection.
$2 million medical malpractice and wrongful death settlement for a middle-aged woman killed by colon cancer.
$2 million settlement arising from a failure to diagnose thyroid cancer.
$2 million mid-trial settlement for delayed diagnosis of a severe spinal condition resulting in disability of bladder, bowel and sexual function.
$2 million jury verdict in favor of a 63-year-old commercial fisherman whose right arm was pulled into a negligently maintained machine, which traumatically amputated the arm below the elbow.
$2 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of breast cancer resulting in death.
$2 Million+ settlement for spinal cord injury.
October 2015 Newport County jury verdict of over $2 million for a 63-year-old commercial fisherman whose right arm was pulled into a machine, traumatically amputating the arm below the elbow. Mark Decof, assisted by attorney Michael Quinn, successfully proved that the crane was unreasonably dangerous due to faulty maintenance.
$1.9 Million+ settlement for a stroke victim.
$1.85 million settlement for the wife of a man killed by a tree fall caused by a landlord’s negligence.
$1.8 million medical malpractice settlement on behalf of two minor children following the death of their father. The father died of a heart attack following discharge from an emergency room while experiencing chest pains.
Settlement of $1,800,000 in a “polypharmacy” case against a primary care doctor who overprescribed medications resulting in addiction.
$1.75 million Providence, RI injury settlement on behalf of an 83-year-old woman because the negligent removal of an epidural catheter after a routine surgical procedure paralyzed her.
$1.7 million on behalf of a teenage girl whose cancer treatment and outcome was greatly complicated by a failure to diagnose the condition at an earlier age.
$1.7 million settlement of a disputed insurance coverage claim for chemical spill.
$1.6 million settlement in a wrongful death and pharmaceutical product liability case, on behalf of a 75-year-old woman who was prescribed a diet drug.
$1.525 million settlement on behalf of a 53-year-old man paralyzed after the negligent performance of an aorto-bilateral femoral popliteal bypass graft surgery.
$1.5 million settlement against a motel owner and the company that supplied their propane gas for a family that suffered burns after a propane leak caused an explosion.
$1.5 Million+ settlement for misread of test results and delayed diagnosis of lymphoma.
$1.5 Million settlement for severe injuries from surgical hemorrhage.
$1.5 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of cancer.
$1.5 Million settlement for missed diagnosis of early heart attack symptoms, resulting in death.
$1.5 Million settlement for misreading of EKG, resulting in heart attack and death.
$1.5 Million settlement for delayed diagnosis of lung cancer.
$1.45 million pre-trial settlement relating to the death of a collegiate athlete following a collapse during an athletic training workout. Ciancola v. University of Rhode Island
$1.4 million wrongful death settlement resulting from a failure to diagnose a fatal gynecological cancer during pregnancy.
$1.4 million settlement for a young woman who suffered advanced cancer after a negligent microscopic review following biopsy.
$1.4 Million settlement in a failure to diagnose gynecological cancer.
$1.3 million recovery on behalf of a child injured at a playground by faulty equipment at a jumping attraction.
$1.3 million jury verdict for a young man who suffered a leg amputation injury when a drunk driver struck his motorcycle, against multiple restaurants and bars that negligently served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated driver who struck Mr. Bennett. The case, affirmed on appeal, established precedent in Massachusetts for liability on the part of establishments that negligently serve alcohol to people who subsequently caused injury or death to others.
$1.25 million settlement on behalf of the family of a man who died from undiagnosed colorectal cancer.
$1.25 million medical malpractice settlement on behalf of two children, relating to the death of their mother following a medical laboratory reporting error.
$1.25 million settlement where a failure to mark and protect the end of a commercial wharf resulted in a car driving off the dock.
$1.2 million judgment following a jury verdict on behalf of a child who suffered a brachial plexus nerve injury when an obstetrician was negligent in performing the delivery.
$1.2 million judgment following a jury verdict on behalf of a man who was seriously injured when his vehicle was struck by a motor vehicle which had gone out of control after coming in contact with a tractor-trailer truck.
$1.2 million judgment following a jury verdict against several drinking establishments on behalf of a young man who was seriously injured when he was struck on his motorcycle by a drunk driver; the drinking establishments were found to have negligently served alcohol to the man who subsequently caused the collision that injured the motorcyclist.
$1.1 million settlement for the surviving child of a mother killed in a car crash while riding as a passenger.
$1.1 million settlement on behalf of surviving family members of middle-aged woman struck and killed by a passenger bus.
$1 million settlement on behalf of parents of baby who died during poorly managed delivery.
Confidential $1 million+ settlement. During the plaintiff’s pregnancy with her first child, she experienced a hemorrhage from “vasa previa,” resulting in the baby dying very shortly after birth.
$1 million mid-trial settlement for the parents of a child who died in utero at a hospital.
$1 million settlement for a woman whose cancer diagnosis was missed and delayed, resulting in advanced disease.
$1 million settlement for death of mother when the laboratory’s mistaken analysis of a pap smear resulted in a failure to diagnose cervical cancer.
$1 million settlement for the family of a young man who died shortly after surgery.
$1 million+ confidential settlement following a deadly crash caused by a defective tire.
$1 million mid-trial settlement for an elderly woman seriously injured when a delivery truck pulled out in front of her.
$1 million settlement for breach of an employment contract.
$1 million settlement blood transfusion error results in death.
$975,000 pre-trial settlement on behalf of a middle-aged woman harmed by a surgical error and resulting infection.
$975,000 jury trial verdict in favor of a young woman injured in a car crash. Our client suffered “TMJD” as a result of being rear-ended by a distracted driver in a low-speed crash.
$950,000 settlement for a man who required a partial foot amputation due to injuries caused from a slip and fall accident.
$950,000 settlement for construction object falling from building striking client in head causing permanent injuries.
$900,000 settlement of a claim for failure to properly care for a post-operative patient.
$900,000 recovery for a young woman severely injured in a vehicle collision, suffering multiple fractures, and requiring extensive surgery.
$900,000 settlement for failure to diagnose and treat pseudomonas eye infection by urgent care facility results in eye blindness.
$900,000 wrongful death settlement against primary care physician who failed to recognize signs of a fatal heart attack.
$850,000 settlement on behalf of a 74-year-old woman who was seriously injured when her car was struck by another vehicle on an interstate highway.
Surgeon’s delay in taking patient back to surgery following complication from initial gastrointestinal surgery results in sepsis and death.
$800,000 settlement for nerve injury caused by negligent carpal tunnel surgery.
$775,000 nursing home settlement for an elderly woman who suffered a blood clot at a nursing/rehabilitation facility resulting in a partial leg amputation.
$764,000 settlement in a pharmaceutical product liability action on behalf of a 45-year-old woman who sustained heart valve damage following the prescription of a diet drug.
$750,000 settlement for the family of a woman who died in intensive care due to a compromised airway.
$750,000 judgment after a jury verdict against a culinary school on behalf of the family of a college student who was negligently served food containing an ingredient to which he was severely allergic and died as a result of ingesting the ingredient.
$750,000 settlement on behalf of a minor child injured by an unsecured pellet gun.
$750,000 jury verdict against a railroad on behalf of a man who was negligently served alcoholic beverages during a train ride and was seriously injured when he fell onto the tracks and was injured by the train.
$750,000 settlement for damaged ureter during cystoscopy resulting in sepsis and permanent injury.
$750,000 settlement in dram shop/drunk driving incident – 19-year-old struck by a snowplow during snowstorm.
Hospital failure to monitor and treat electrolyte levels results in death of patient with terminal cancer.
Dram shop liquor liability case where customer was overserved alcohol resulting in a fatal car crash.
$680,000 settlement for hospital’s failure to diagnose spinal injury resulting in partial paralysis.
$650,000 settlement for the family of an elderly customer killed by a head injury in a fall at a restaurant.
$600,000 settlement on behalf of a boy shot in the eye in a paintball gun accident.
$600,000 settlement against a defendant driver’s insurer in a motor vehicle/motorcycle accident.
$550,000 on behalf of a nursing home resident who choked to death when provided with an improper meal for her condition.
$500,000 settlement on behalf of the parents of a woman whose wrongful death was caused by her husband, who was driving her motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.
$500,000 settlement for a bicyclist who suffered multiple leg injuries when struck by a motor vehicle during a Triathlon race in which he was competing.
$450,000 settlement on behalf of a woman who the defendant misdiagnosed with breast cancer and underwent an unnecessary mastectomy.
$450,000 settlement on behalf of a college student who was severely burned during a welding class, due to lack of proper supervision and adequate safety equipment.
Medical negligence settlement for IV Contrast leak.
$400,000 settlement for bladder injury during gynecological surgery.
Nursing home causes and then fails to treat ulcer resulting in death.
Settlement of $314,000 against a negligent landlord – improper railing results in serious fall.
$300,000 settlement for embezzlement by corporate officer.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlement on behalf of a young girl who suffered severe brain and nervous system injuries when she was struck by a vehicle leased from a car manufacturer. This case has been widely recognized as Rhode Island’s largest individual civil settlement.
Confidential settlements on behalf of 5 teenagers who were ejected from a mini-van when it rolled over following a tire tread separation. One of the occupants was killed and 4 were seriously injured. Settlements just prior to trial after 5 years of litigation against one of the world’s largest tire manufacturers.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlements in multiple birth injury and birth asphyxia cases, on behalf of injured children, involving obstetrical negligence, brain damage, and cerebral palsy.
Confidential multimillion-dollar mid-trial settlement on behalf of a developmentally disabled adult who had been sexually assaulted by a care provider.
Confidential multimillion-dollar mid-trial settlement in the case of a man who suffered metastatic cancer as a result of a negligent pathology exam after surgery.
Confidential settlements on behalf of the families of 5 young people killed in a house fire. Settlements obtained just prior to trial after extensive litigation against a major smoke alarm manufacturer.
Multimillion-dollar injury settlement in Providence, RI reached for a child that was severely brain-damaged due to misuse of vacuum extractor at delivery.
Multimillion-dollar settlement reached for the delay in delivering a brain-damaged child who was suffering severe distress before birth.
Multimillion-dollar Providence, RI injury settlement reached for the family of a brain-damaged child against the hospital for failure to deliver by cesarean section.
Confidential settlement for hypoxic-ischemic birth injury to an infant.
Confidential settlement for Erb’s palsy birth trauma.
Multimillion-dollar settlement against the manufacturers of a drug that a mother ingested before giving birth, causing her child to be born without arms or legs.
Confidential settlement for the family of an infant injured during delivery, later causing the child’s death.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a minor child severely injured by late diagnosis of a cardiac condition, which could have been successfully treated before delivery.
Confidential settlement against a pharmaceutical company on behalf of a young woman who suffered a stroke as a result of her ingestion of birth control pills.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlement on behalf of a young boy when the defendant did not diagnose and treat his meningitis soon enough to prevent brain damage.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlement for a hospital’s delay in performing an MRI that resulted in failure to diagnose a carotid dissection in an 8-year-old and permanent neurological damage resulted.
Confidential settlement against a physician that was negligent in performing sinus surgery and caused a woman to suffer brain damage.
Confidential settlement against several doctors and a hospital on behalf of a young man when negligent failure to treat an epidural abscess at a university infirmary and hospital paralyzed him.
Confidential seven-figure settlement of a medical malpractice claim for failure to diagnose and treat prostate cancer in a timely manner.
Confidential settlement for the death of a 50-year-old man due to failure to read an x-ray properly and the resultant failure to diagnose bone cancer.
Confidential settlement on behalf of the family of a 70-year-old man who died of colorectal cancer, because of his primary care physician’s failure to prescribe tests to screen the patient for the disease.
Confidential settlement for failure to diagnose lung cancer in 60-year-old man.
Confidential settlement against a physician when failure to diagnose and treat the symptoms of a stroke resulted in a woman having a stroke and suffering serious permanent injuries.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlement against multiple medical providers following a failure to diagnose a severe cardiac infection, resulting in a severe stroke and permanent disability in a 39-year-old man.
Confidential settlement against the manufacturer of a medical device when a young woman suffered serious injuries due to their product.
Confidential settlement for a surgical malpractice claim for failure to recognize and repair post-operative bleeding following a hysterectomy.
Confidential settlement against a surgeon whose negligence in removing the wrong internal organ from a man undergoing laparoscopic surgery left the man with a severe case of diabetes and other injuries.
Confidential settlement following a trial for a woman who suffered serious gastrointestinal injuries because of negligent performance in a laporascopic cholecystectomy or removal of gall bladder.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a young woman who had a surgical procedure to correct scoliosis that resulted in paralysis.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a minor who suffered a new and different injury during brain surgery.
Confidential settlement during trial for the surviving family of a woman who died when doctors did not diagnose a bowel perforation following colonoscopy.
Confidential settlement on behalf of two young daughters whose father received negligent treatment in a hospital emergency room resulting in his death—the man suffered respiratory arrest after the hospital did not treat his breathing difficulties for several hours.
Confidential settlement during trial on behalf of an elderly woman who suffered an amputation as a result of untreated limb ischemia.
Confidential settlement against a hospital and pharmaceutical manufacturer for the negligent administration of Diprivan (propofol) to a 13-year-old boy, resulting in his death.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlement on behalf of a young woman who died when improperly prescribed birth control medication caused a severe blood clot.
Multimillion-dollar settlement for a man left with a severe brain injury after a medication overdose at a hospital.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a young woman who suffered cervical cancer because of her in-utero exposure to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Confidential settlement for 35 women who developed gynecological cancer due to the drug diethylstilbestrol.
Confidential settlement of a claim against a vehicle manufacturer on behalf of a man who suffered a fractured cervical spine, resulting in quadriplegia, when the vehicle in which he was a passenger rolled over and the roof collapsed.
Settlement for a confidential amount from an automobile manufacturer for the husband of a woman who died when her sport utility vehicle rolled over and she was ejected from the vehicle.
Settlement for a confidential amount from an automobile manufacturer for a woman who was paralyzed when her sport utility vehicle rolled over when she swerved to avoid a highway collision.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a young woman who suffered a spinal cord injury when her pickup truck rolled over.
Confidential settlement against a car manufacturer on behalf of a child who was paralyzed as a result of a defective seatbelt system which caused her to suffer a spinal cord injury during a one-vehicle collision.
Confidential settlement against a medical device manufacturer on behalf of a young woman who suffered serious injuries due to a dangerous surgical instrument.
Confidential settlement against a military aircraft manufacturer on behalf of the family of an Air Force pilot who was killed as a result of a defectively designed military aircraft ejection system.
Confidential settlements on behalf of a family that was killed in a private plane crash.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a child seriously injured by a negligently designed ride-on type toy.
Confidential settlement on behalf of a teenager who suffered a spinal cord injury due to a defectively designed football helmet.
Multimillion-dollar settlement on behalf of a worker who was severely injured when a truck he was unloading rolled backward and a beam that he was unloading crushed his pelvis.
Confidential settlement for victim of a rear-end car crash who suffered a disabling spinal cord injury.
Confidential multimillion-dollar settlement, believed to be the largest personal injury settlement in Rhode Island, on behalf of a 13-year-old girl, and her family, who suffered catastrophic injuries when she was struck by a motor vehicle operated by an intoxicated driver and owned by a leasing company.
Confidential settlement against a town on behalf of two elderly people struck and seriously injured by a police cruiser whose operator had negligently failed to use the siren when responding at high speed to a suspected crime scene.
Plaintiff’s verdict in case involving public duty doctrine and sovereign immunity issues following jury trial.
A confidential settlement following a 4-week jury trial for the wrongful death of Michael Woods, brother of actor James Woods, due to negligent cardiac care resulting in death. At the conclusion of the trial Kent Hospital publicly admitted fault and apologized to James Woods and the family of Michael Woods. In addition to a confidential settlement to the family, Kent Hospital created the Michael Woods Institute to develop and implement changes in personnel, practices, and policies to improve the quality of care delivered in the Emergency Department at Kent Hospital in Warwick, Rhode Island. James Woods is an active member of the Board of the Michael J. Woods Institute.
Confidential settlement during trial for the family of a man killed during a pre-planned bank robbery, where the bank’s security measures failed.
Confidential settlement – wrongful death case wherein the driver of an SUV drove outside the travel lane of highway into breakdown lane.
Confidential multi-million dollar settlement on behalf of a young woman who died when improperly prescribed birth control medication caused a severe blood clot.
